Breast cancer can be diagnosed at the early stages. Changes of cure is high for patients who had early diagnosis. Self examination annual mammographical screening starts at the age of forty (40) , and periodical follow up by the breast surgeon are essential to increase the chances of early diagnosis.
Anorectal pain is most often secondary to; Anal fissure, Perirectal abscess and/or fistula, Thrombosed hemorrhoid, Anal canal neoplasms, Perianal skin infection, Dermatologic conditions. Proctalgia fugax results from levator spasm and may present without any other anorectal findings. Physical examination is critical in evaluating patients with anorectal pain. If a patient is too tender to examine
Breast Cysts Breast cysts are fluid-filled, usually noncancerous sacs inside the breast. There may be one or multiple breast cysts in one or both breasts. Breast cysts usually generate from milk glands, and are most common in women between the ages of 35-50. Cysts are felt as fluid-filled tiny sacs during monthly breast examination. Most
Hemorrhoid tissue is the painful condition which may involve bleeding, and occurs due to swelling of vascular structures located at the bottom end of rectum inside the duct, supported by connective tissue pads, resulting from various reasons. Internal hemorrhoids are vascular complexes on the dentate line, a mucosal borderline located at 2,5-4 cm distance from
The exact cause of breast cancer is yet unknown. However, it is found to be associated with certain factors. Some of those risk factors can be controlled by the patient, while some are beyond control. Known causes Long and excessive exposure to estrogen hormone such as menstruation periods starting at early ages, ending at late
A fissure in ano is a tear in the anoderm distal to the dentate line. The pathophysiology of anal fissure is thought to be related to trauma from either the passage of hard stool or prolonged diarrhea. A tear in the anoderm causes spasm of the internal anal sphincter, which results in pain, increased tearing,
All hernias can be treated via laparoscopic surgery. Inguinal (groin) hernia: 75% of all hernia occur in groin area. 90% of inguinal (groin) hernia is seen in men. There are three types of inguinal hernia, namely direct, indirect and femoral. Direct hernia is protrusion of hernia due to weakened abdominal wall layers. Indirect hernia is advancement of
The most common cause of hypoactive thyroid (hypothyroid) is the Hashimoto disease. It is a well-known condition in which the body produces certain proteins (autoantibody) that harm its own tissues. Those antibodies can also be produced against thyroid glands, damaging the thyroid in time and causing thyroid glands to shrink. The condition is known as
Breast Lump The first and important sign of breast cancer in approximately 70% of the patients is presence of a lump. It is mostly felt on the upper outer quadrant of the breast by physical examination, borders of the lump generally cannot be identified well, and may have a rough or ragged surface. 90% of
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